Migraine is not just an ordinary headache — it is a neurological disorder of the brain. The pain is often throbbing and on one side of the head. Women are affected about three times more often than men.
Symptoms of migraine
- Throbbing, moderate-to-severe pain on one or both sides, lasting 4 to 72 hours
- Nausea or vomiting
- Sensitivity to light and sound
- Pain that worsens with walking or routine activity
- Some people see zig-zag lines or flashing lights before the pain — this is called an aura
Common triggers
- Too little or too much sleep, late nights
- Skipping meals
- Stress and anxiety
- Strong sunlight, bright light, loud noise or strong smells
- Hormonal changes around periods
- Excess tea or coffee (or suddenly stopping it), chocolate, cheese, processed food — not for everyone
How migraine is treated
Treatment has two parts. Acute treatment is taken at the start of an attack and works best when taken early. Preventive treatment is considered when attacks occur four or more days a month or disrupt work and study; daily medicines reduce how often and how badly attacks occur.
Caution: taking painkillers on more than 10–15 days a month can cause medication-overuse headache. Avoid repeatedly self-medicating.
Lifestyle changes that help
- Sleep and wake at the same time every day
- Eat at regular times and drink enough water
- Walk or exercise at least 150 minutes a week
- Take regular breaks from phone and computer screens
Don't ignore frequent headaches — see a neurologist. With the right diagnosis and a planned treatment, most people with migraine live normal, productive lives.