Epilepsy is a common brain disorder in which nerve cells produce sudden abnormal electrical signals, causing repeated seizures. Many people in our society still believe seizures are caused by spirits — this is completely false. Epilepsy is treatable, and about 70% of patients become seizure-free with regular medicine.
Types of seizure
- Whole-body stiffening and jerking, frothing at the mouth, loss of consciousness
- Brief staring spells with no response (more common in children)
- Jerking or strange sensations in one part of the body
- Sudden shock-like jerks of the arms or legs
First aid during a seizure
- Stay calm and check the time — how long it lasts matters.
- Move hard or sharp objects away and put something soft under the head.
- When the jerking stops, turn the person onto their side so saliva can drain.
- Stay with them until they are fully awake.
Never do this
- Do not put a spoon, finger or cloth in the mouth
- Do not hold the limbs down forcefully
- Do not make them smell shoes or onions — it does nothing
- Do not give water or food until fully conscious
Diagnosis and treatment
An accurate description of the event is the most valuable diagnostic clue. If possible, record a phone video of an episode. EEG and MRI are done when needed. The medicine is chosen based on seizure type, age and other factors.
Most importantly — never stop epilepsy medicine without your doctor's advice. Stopping suddenly can trigger severe seizures.
Everyday safety
- Get enough sleep; sleep deprivation triggers seizures
- Avoid bathing in ponds or swimming alone, working at heights or near open fire alone
- Do not drive until seizures are controlled
- If planning pregnancy, talk to your doctor in advance
With proper treatment, people with epilepsy can study, work and marry like anyone else.